Symptom changes in chronic schizophrenic patients on a token economy: A controlled experiment
Authors: Baker, R., Hall, J.N., Hutchinson, K. and Bridge, G.
Journal: British Journal of Psychiatry
Volume: 131
Issue: 10
Pages: 381-393
ISSN: 0007-1250
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.131.4.381
Abstract:An 18-month controlled experiment was conducted into the effects of a token economy programme on the ward behaviour and symptoms of chronic schizophrenic patients. An experimental group received tokens dependent upon appropriate behaviour, while a matched control group on the same ward received every aspect of the ward programme similarly except that tokens were not dependent upon their behaviour. Regular assessment showed that both groups improved substantially in social withdrawal. Over twelve months of treatment the experimental group improved no more than the control group. There were no symptomatic changes. The conclusions were that token economy is a treatment affecting withdrawal and social behaviour rather than symptomatology, and that factors other than reinforcement by tokens were responsible for the main changes.
Source: Scopus
Symptom changes in chronic schizophrenic patients on a token economy: a controlled experiment.
Authors: Baker, R., Hall, J.N., Hutchinson, K. and Bridge, G.
Journal: Br J Psychiatry
Volume: 131
Pages: 381-393
ISSN: 0007-1250
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.131.4.381
Abstract:An 18-month controlled experiment was conducted into the effects of a token economy programme on the ward behaviour and symptoms of chronic schizophrenic patients. An experimental group received tokens dependent upon appropriate behaviour, while a matched control group on the same ward received every aspect of the ward programme similarly except that tokens were not dependent upon their behaviour. Regular assessment showed that both groups improved substantially in social withdrawal. Over twelve months of treatment the experimental group improved no more than the control group. There were no symptomatic changes. The conclusions were that token economy is a treatment affecting withdrawl and social behaviour rather than symptomatology, and that factors other than reinforcement by tokens were responsible for the main changes.
Source: PubMed
Preferred by: Roger Baker
Symptom changes in chronic schizophrenic patients on a token economy: a controlled experiment.
Authors: Baker, R., Hall, J.N., Hutchinson, K. and Bridge, G.
Journal: The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
Volume: 131
Pages: 381-393
eISSN: 1472-1465
ISSN: 0007-1250
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.131.4.381
Abstract:An 18-month controlled experiment was conducted into the effects of a token economy programme on the ward behaviour and symptoms of chronic schizophrenic patients. An experimental group received tokens dependent upon appropriate behaviour, while a matched control group on the same ward received every aspect of the ward programme similarly except that tokens were not dependent upon their behaviour. Regular assessment showed that both groups improved substantially in social withdrawal. Over twelve months of treatment the experimental group improved no more than the control group. There were no symptomatic changes. The conclusions were that token economy is a treatment affecting withdrawl and social behaviour rather than symptomatology, and that factors other than reinforcement by tokens were responsible for the main changes.
Source: Europe PubMed Central