Influences of Forest Structure on the Density and Habitat Preference of Two Sympatric Gibbons (Symphalangus syndactylus and Hylobates lar)
Authors: Hankinson, E.L., Hill, R.A., Marsh, C.D., Nowak, M.G., Abdullah, A., Pasaribu, N., Supriadi, Nijman, V., Cheyne, S.M. and Korstjens, A.H.
Journal: International Journal of Primatology
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 237-261
eISSN: 1573-8604
ISSN: 0164-0291
DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00199-2
Abstract:Forest structure, defined as the three-dimensional vertical and horizontal distribution of canopy vegetation, has a great influence on the distribution patterns and abundance of forest primates. The complexity of this structural canopy produces a diverse range of microhabitats and distinct ecological niches, allowing ecologically similar species to coexist. Degradation of forests through anthropogenic factors significantly alters forest structure, and arboreal species such as gibbons are particularly vulnerable to these changes because of their reliance on canopy for survival. We investigated how forest structural variables influenced the density of two sympatric gibbon species (siamangs, Symphalangus syndactylus and lar gibbons, Hylobates lar) in Sikundur, a historically disturbed tropical lowland forest in north Sumatra. We used auditory sampling to establish group density in 10 locations and assessed structural characteristics of forest within 4–6 vegetation plots in each location. Lar gibbon group densities were 0.53–3.10 groups/km2 and siamang group densities were lower, with 0.0–1.0 groups/km2. The densities of both species were positively influenced by median height of first bole and the percentage of canopy connectivity. Lar gibbon group density was positively related to large (diameter at breast height 30–100 cm), tall (20–25 m) trees with a large crown area (100–300 m2), while siamang group density showed no significant relationships with these variables. These findings show canopy connectivity and height to first bole are significant structural variables for the continued presence of both gibbon species although, ecologically similar species can be influenced by different levels of structural disturbance. This canopy structural variation between sympatric species existing in the same ecosystem allows for home range overlap, low interspecific competition, and coexistence.
https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/35266/
Source: Scopus
Influences of Forest Structure on the Density and Habitat Preference of Two Sympatric Gibbons (<i>Symphalangus syndactylus</i> and <i>Hylobates lar</i>)
Authors: Hankinson, E.L., Hill, R.A., Marsh, C.D., Nowak, M.G., Abdullah, A., Pasaribu, N., Supriadi, Nijman, V., Cheyne, S.M. and Korstjens, A.H.
Journal: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 237-261
eISSN: 1573-8604
ISSN: 0164-0291
DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00199-2
https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/35266/
Source: Web of Science (Lite)
Influences of Forest Structure on the Densityand Habitat Preference of Two Sympatric Gibbons(SymphalangussyndactylusandHylobateslar)
Authors: Hankinson, E.L., Hill, R.A., Marsh, C.D., Nowak, M.G., Abdullah, A., Pasaribu, N., Supriadi, Nijman, V., Cheyne, S.M. and Korstjens, A.H.
Editors: Setchell, J.
Journal: International Journal of Primatology
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISSN: 0164-0291
DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00199-2
Abstract:Forest structure, defined as the three-dimensional vertical and horizontal distribution of canopy vegetation, has a great influence on the distribution patterns and abundance of forest primates. The complexity of this structural canopy produces a diverse range of microhabitats and distinct ecological niches,allowing ecologically similar species to coexist. Degradation of forests through anthropogenic factors significantly alters forest structure, and arboreal species such as gibbons are particularly vulnerable to these changes because of their reliance on canopy for survival. We investigated how forest structural variables influenced the density of two sympatric gibbon species (siamangs, Symphalangus syndactylus and lar gibbons, Hylobates lar) in Sikundur, a historically disturbed tropical lowland forest in north Sumatra. We used auditory sampling to establish group density in 10 locations and assessed structural characteristics of forest within 4–6 vegetation plots in each location. Lar gibbon group densities were 0.53–3.10 groups/km2and siamang group densities were lower, with 0.0–1.0 groups/km2. The densities of both species were positively influenced by median height of first bole and the percentage of canopy connectivity. Lar gibbon group density was positively related to large(diameter at breast height 30–100 cm), tall (20–25 m) trees with a large crown area (100–300 m2), while siamang group density showed no significant relationships with these variables. These findings show canopy connectivity and height to first bole are significant structural variables for the continued presence of both gibbon species although, ecologically similar species can be influenced by different levels of structural disturbance. This canopy structural variation between sympatric species existing in the same ecosystem allows forhome range overlap, low interspecific competition, and coexistence.
https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/35266/
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10764-021-00199-2.pdf
Source: Manual
Influences of Forest Structure on the Density and Habitat Preference of Two Sympatric Gibbons (Symphalangus syndactylus and Hylobates lar)
Authors: Hankinson, E.L., Hill, R.A., Marsh, C.D., Nowak, M.G., Abdullah, A., Pasaribu, N., Supriadi, Nijman, V., Cheyne, S.M. and Korstjens, A.H.
Journal: International Journal of Primatology
Volume: 42
Pages: 237-261
ISSN: 0164-0291
Abstract:Forest structure, defined as the three-dimensional vertical and horizontal distribution of canopy vegetation, has a great influence on the distribution patterns and abundance of forest primates. The complexity of this structural canopy produces a diverse range of microhabitats and distinct ecological niches,allowing ecologically similar species to coexist. Degradation of forests through anthropogenic factors significantly alters forest structure, and arboreal species such as gibbons are particularly vulnerable to these changes because of their reliance on canopy for survival. We investigated how forest structural variables influenced the density of two sympatric gibbon species (siamangs, Symphalangus syndactylus and lar gibbons, Hylobates lar) in Sikundur, a historically disturbed tropical lowland forest in north Sumatra. We used auditory sampling to establish group density in 10 locations and assessed structural characteristics of forest within 4–6 vegetation plots in each location. Lar gibbon group densities were 0.53–3.10 groups/km2and siamang group densities were lower, with 0.0–1.0 groups/km2. The densities of both species were positively influenced by median height of first bole and the percentage of canopy connectivity. Lar gibbon group density was positively related to large(diameter at breast height 30–100 cm), tall (20–25 m) trees with a large crown area (100–300 m2), while siamang group density showed no significant relationships with these variables. These findings show canopy connectivity and height to first bole are significant structural variables for the continued presence of both gibbon species although, ecologically similar species can be influenced by different levels of structural disturbance. This canopy structural variation between sympatric species existing in the same ecosystem allows forhome range overlap, low interspecific competition, and coexistence.
https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/35266/
Source: BURO EPrints