Front crawl body roll characteristics in a Paralympic medallist and national level swimmers with unilateral arm amputation
Authors: Gonjo, T., Kishimoto, T., Sanders, R., Saito, M. and Takagi, H.
Journal: Sports Biomechanics
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Pages: 323-339
eISSN: 1752-6116
ISSN: 1476-3141
DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1654536
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to establish the asymmetry and body wave characteristics related to shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle roll in unilateral arm amputee swimmers. Three unilateral arm amputee swimmers, including one Paralympic medallist (swimmer A), volunteered in this study. They conducted two 10-15 s front crawl tests with sub-maximum and maximum speeds in a flume. Shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle roll amplitude and progression of a torsional body wave was quantified using a motion capture system and a Fourier analysis. Swimmer A showed 50% higher stroke frequency than the other swimmers. Swimmers achieved larger shoulder roll amplitude towards the affected than the unaffected side by 19–89%. Swimmer A showed body wave velocity slowing down when it travelled caudally, while national level swimmers presented increasing wave velocity, suggesting that swimmer A had a less effective kicking than the other swimmers. In conclusion, the technique of the unilateral arm amputee swimmers was characterised by a large shoulder roll angle towards the affected side. The Paralympic medallist had larger shoulder roll asymmetry and less effective kicking than the other swimmers and yet achieved higher swimming speed because of his high stroke frequency.
Source: Scopus
Front crawl body roll characteristics in a Paralympic medallist and national level swimmers with unilateral arm amputation.
Authors: Gonjo, T., Kishimoto, T., Sanders, R., Saito, M. and Takagi, H.
Journal: Sports Biomech
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Pages: 323-339
eISSN: 1752-6116
DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1654536
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to establish the asymmetry and body wave characteristics related to shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle roll in unilateral arm amputee swimmers. Three unilateral arm amputee swimmers, including one Paralympic medallist (swimmer A), volunteered in this study. They conducted two 10-15 s front crawl tests with sub-maximum and maximum speeds in a flume. Shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle roll amplitude and progression of a torsional body wave was quantified using a motion capture system and a Fourier analysis. Swimmer A showed 50% higher stroke frequency than the other swimmers. Swimmers achieved larger shoulder roll amplitude towards the affected than the unaffected side by 19-89%. Swimmer A showed body wave velocity slowing down when it travelled caudally, while national level swimmers presented increasing wave velocity, suggesting that swimmer A had a less effective kicking than the other swimmers. In conclusion, the technique of the unilateral arm amputee swimmers was characterised by a large shoulder roll angle towards the affected side. The Paralympic medallist had larger shoulder roll asymmetry and less effective kicking than the other swimmers and yet achieved higher swimming speed because of his high stroke frequency.
Source: PubMed
Front crawl body roll characteristics in a Paralympic medallist and national level swimmers with unilateral arm amputation
Authors: Gonjo, T., Kishimoto, T., Sanders, R., Saito, M. and Takagi, H.
Journal: SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Pages: 323-339
eISSN: 1752-6116
ISSN: 1476-3141
DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1654536
Source: Web of Science (Lite)
Front crawl body roll characteristics in a Paralympic medallist and national level swimmers with unilateral arm amputation.
Authors: Gonjo, T., Kishimoto, T., Sanders, R., Saito, M. and Takagi, H.
Journal: Sports biomechanics
Volume: 21
Issue: 3
Pages: 323-339
eISSN: 1752-6116
ISSN: 1476-3141
DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2019.1654536
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to establish the asymmetry and body wave characteristics related to shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle roll in unilateral arm amputee swimmers. Three unilateral arm amputee swimmers, including one Paralympic medallist (swimmer A), volunteered in this study. They conducted two 10-15 s front crawl tests with sub-maximum and maximum speeds in a flume. Shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle roll amplitude and progression of a torsional body wave was quantified using a motion capture system and a Fourier analysis. Swimmer A showed 50% higher stroke frequency than the other swimmers. Swimmers achieved larger shoulder roll amplitude towards the affected than the unaffected side by 19-89%. Swimmer A showed body wave velocity slowing down when it travelled caudally, while national level swimmers presented increasing wave velocity, suggesting that swimmer A had a less effective kicking than the other swimmers. In conclusion, the technique of the unilateral arm amputee swimmers was characterised by a large shoulder roll angle towards the affected side. The Paralympic medallist had larger shoulder roll asymmetry and less effective kicking than the other swimmers and yet achieved higher swimming speed because of his high stroke frequency.
Source: Europe PubMed Central