The brain-gut axis and chronic pain: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Authors: Ho, T., Elma, Ö., Kocanda, L., Brain, K., Lam, T., Kanhere, T. and Dong, H.J.

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Volume: 19

eISSN: 1662-453X

ISSN: 1662-4548

DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1545997

Abstract:

The brain-gut axis (BGA) is emerging as a critical mediator in chronic pain, involving bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. The “Pain Matrix” is associated with microbial dysbiosis, vagus nerve dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, driving neuroinflammation and central sensitization. Key mechanisms include microbial diversity loss, leaky gut, and altered neuroactive signaling via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and vagal pathways. This narrative review explores the intricate interplay between BGA mechanisms and chronic pain, highlighting therapeutic opportunities such as restoring dysbiosis, modulating vagus nerve activity, and regulating endocrine pathways. These interventions target inflammation, autonomic balance, and stress/reward pathway modulation, offering a promising path toward integrative pain management. Further research is required to validate these strategies and improve patient outcomes.

https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/40775/

Source: Scopus

The brain-gut axis and chronic pain: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Authors: Ho, T., Elma, Ö., Kocanda, L., Brain, K., Lam, T., Kanhere, T. and Dong, H.-J.

Journal: Front Neurosci

Volume: 19

Pages: 1545997

ISSN: 1662-4548

DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1545997

Abstract:

The brain-gut axis (BGA) is emerging as a critical mediator in chronic pain, involving bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. The "Pain Matrix" is associated with microbial dysbiosis, vagus nerve dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, driving neuroinflammation and central sensitization. Key mechanisms include microbial diversity loss, leaky gut, and altered neuroactive signaling via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and vagal pathways. This narrative review explores the intricate interplay between BGA mechanisms and chronic pain, highlighting therapeutic opportunities such as restoring dysbiosis, modulating vagus nerve activity, and regulating endocrine pathways. These interventions target inflammation, autonomic balance, and stress/reward pathway modulation, offering a promising path toward integrative pain management. Further research is required to validate these strategies and improve patient outcomes.

https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/40775/

Source: PubMed

The brain-gut axis and chronic pain: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Authors: Ho, T., Elma, O., Kocanda, L., Brain, K., Lam, T., Kanhere, T. and Dong, H.-J.

Journal: FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE

Volume: 19

eISSN: 1662-453X

DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1545997

https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/40775/

Source: Web of Science (Lite)

The brain-gut axis and chronic pain: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Authors: Ho, T., Elma, O., Kocanda, L., Brain, K., Lam, T., Kanhere, T. and Dong, H.-J.

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

eISSN: 1662-453X

ISSN: 1662-4548

DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1545997

Abstract:

The brain-gut axis (BGA) is emerging as a critical mediator in chronic pain, involving bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. The “Pain Matrix” is associated with microbial dysbiosis, vagus nerve dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, driving neuroinflammation and central sensitization. Key mechanisms include microbial diversity loss, leaky gut, and altered neuroactive signaling via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and vagal pathways. This narrative review explores the intricate interplay between BGA mechanisms and chronic pain, highlighting therapeutic opportunities such as restoring dysbiosis, modulating vagus nerve activity, and regulating endocrine pathways. These interventions target inflammation, autonomic balance, and stress/reward pathway modulation, offering a promising path toward integrative pain management. Further research is required to validate these strategies and improve patient outcomes.

https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/40775/

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1545997/full

Source: Manual

The brain-gut axis and chronic pain: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

Authors: Ho, T., Elma, Ö., Kocanda, L., Brain, K., Lam, T., Kanhere, T. and Dong, H.-J.

Journal: Frontiers in neuroscience

Volume: 19

Pages: 1545997

eISSN: 1662-453X

ISSN: 1662-4548

DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1545997

Abstract:

The brain-gut axis (BGA) is emerging as a critical mediator in chronic pain, involving bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. The "Pain Matrix" is associated with microbial dysbiosis, vagus nerve dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, driving neuroinflammation and central sensitization. Key mechanisms include microbial diversity loss, leaky gut, and altered neuroactive signaling via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and vagal pathways. This narrative review explores the intricate interplay between BGA mechanisms and chronic pain, highlighting therapeutic opportunities such as restoring dysbiosis, modulating vagus nerve activity, and regulating endocrine pathways. These interventions target inflammation, autonomic balance, and stress/reward pathway modulation, offering a promising path toward integrative pain management. Further research is required to validate these strategies and improve patient outcomes.

https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/40775/

Source: Europe PubMed Central

The brain-gut axis and chronic pain: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Authors: Ho, T., Elma, O., Kocanda, L., Brain, K., Lam, T., Kanhere, T. and Dong, H.-J.

Journal: Frontiers in Neuroscience

Volume: 19

Pages: 1-8

Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A.

ISSN: 1662-4548

Abstract:

The brain-gut axis (BGA) is emerging as a critical mediator in chronic pain, involving bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal system. The “Pain Matrix” is associated with microbial dysbiosis, vagus nerve dysfunction, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, driving neuroinflammation and central sensitization. Key mechanisms include microbial diversity loss, leaky gut, and altered neuroactive signaling via short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and vagal pathways. This narrative review explores the intricate interplay between BGA mechanisms and chronic pain, highlighting therapeutic opportunities such as restoring dysbiosis, modulating vagus nerve activity, and regulating endocrine pathways. These interventions target inflammation, autonomic balance, and stress/reward pathway modulation, offering a promising path toward integrative pain management. Further research is required to validate these strategies and improve patient outcomes.

https://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/40775/

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2025.1545997/full

Source: BURO EPrints