Dr Margarete Parrish
- 01202 962010
- mparrish at bournemouth dot ac dot uk
- http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-7283
- Senior Lecturer
- BGB
Biography
Margarete Parrish’s career in social work began with her MSW from the University of Georgia in the US, where she specialised in Mental Health Social Work. Her PhD in Social Work is from Rutgers University, where she also specialised in Mental Health. Her practice background has been in both medical and mental health settings. Her practice specialities include adaptation following trauma, adolescents, mental health and substance misuse.
She has taught in the UK since 2004, and joined the social work team at BU in January 2013. She has recently received a "You're Brilliant" award from her BU students. The second edition of her book “Social Work Perspectives on Human Behaviour” was published in 2014. She is currently supervising MA and PhD students at Bournemouth University, as well as teaching on the undergraduate and postgraduate social work degree programmes.
Favourites
- McCabe, E. and Parrish, M., 2018. A review of the complexities of working effectively with people being prescribed both antipsychotic medications and opioid substitution therapy. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 25 (1), 1-12.
- Parrish, M. and Tunkle, J., 2005. Clinical challenges following an adolescent's death by suicide: Bereavement issues faced by family, friends, schools, and clinicians. Clinical Social Work Journal, 33 (1), 81-102.
- Parrish, M. and Tunkle, J., 2003. Working with families following their child’s suicide. Family Therapy, 30 (2), 63-76.
Journal Articles
- Harvey, O., van Teijlingen, E. and Parrish, M., 2024. Using a Range of Communication Tools to Interview a Hard-to-Reach Population. Sociological Research Online, 29 (1), 221-232.
- Harvey, O., Van Teijlingen, E. and Parrish, M., 2022. Mixed-methods research on androgen abuse - a review. Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, 29 (6), 586-593.
- Harvey, O., Parrish, M., van Teijlingen, E. and Trenoweth, S., 2022. Libido as a motivator for starting and restarting non-prescribed anabolic androgenic steroid use among men: a mixed-methods study. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 29 (3), 276-288.
- Harvey, O., Parrish, M., van Teijlingen, E. and Trenoweth, S., 2020. Support for non-prescribed anabolic androgenic steroids users: a qualitative exploration of their needs. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 27 (5), 377-386.
- Harvey, O. and Parrish, M., 2020. Social Work Implications of Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid Use, Particularly Among Young People: A Literature Review. Practice, 32 (3), 209-228.
- Pritchard, C., Parish, M. and Williams, R.J., 2020. International comparison of civilian violent deaths: a public health approach to reduce gun-related deaths in US youth. Public Health, 180, 109-113.
- Harvey, O., Keen, S., Parrish, M. and Van Teijlingen, E., 2019. Support for people who use Anabolic Androgenic Steroids: A Systematic Scoping Review into what they want and what they access. BMC Public Health, 19 (1).
- McCabe, E. and Parrish, M., 2018. A review of the complexities of working effectively with people being prescribed both antipsychotic medications and opioid substitution therapy. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 25 (1), 1-12.
- Chilton, J., Parrish, M. and Crone, D., 2011. A preliminary review of an outpatient dual diagnosis recovery group programme. Groupwork, 21 (3), 78-91.
- Redmond, R. and Parrish, M., 2008. Variables influencing physiotherapy adherence among young adults with cerebral palsy. Qualitative Health Research, 18 (11), 1501-1510.
- Parrish, M. and Tunkle, J., 2005. Clinical challenges following an adolescent's death by suicide: Bereavement issues faced by family, friends, schools, and clinicians. Clinical Social Work Journal, 33 (1), 81-102.
- Parrish, M. and Perman, J., 2004. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Some practice implications for social workers. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21 (2), 137-154.
- Pecukonis, E.V., Cornelius, L. and Parrish, M., 2003. The future of health social work. Social Work in Health Care, 37 (3), 1-15.
- Parrish, M., Burry, C. and Pabst, M.S., 2003. Providing comprehensive case management services to urban women with HIV/AIDS and their families. Affilia - Journal of Women and Social Work, 18 (3), 302-315.
- Parrish, M. and Tunkle, J., 2003. Working with families following their child’s suicide. Family Therapy, 30 (2), 63-76.
- Parrish, M., Greif, G. and Cole, M., 2002. Working with families following urban violence. Family Therapy, 29 (3), 169-181.
- Stanley, J.C. and Parrish, M., 2002. A Vision for educational research in the twenty-first Century. Educational Researcher, 27 (9), 34-35.
- Parrish, M., 2002. Biggie. Social Work Today, 19-21.
- Parrish, M., 1999. Substance abuse, families and the courts. Journal of Health Care, Law and Policy, 3 (1), 1101-1117.
- Parrish, M., 1997. Family adaptation to a child's feeding and swallowing disorder: A social work perspective. Seminars in Speech and Language, 18 (1), 71-77.
- Barnet, B. and Parrish, M., 1997. Physical and Sexual Abuse are associated with Depressive Symptoms in Pregnant and Parenting Teenagers. Journal of Adolescent Health, 19 (2), 139.
- Parrish, M. and Ryan, S., 1996. Negative Reproductive Health Outcomes Among Adolescent Females Following Sexual Abuse, Rape or Assault. Journal of Adolescent Health, 18 (2), 119.
- Parrish, M., 1995. The Special Needs of Adolescent Survivors of Sexual Trauma. Proceedings of The National Coalition Against Sexual Assault Conference.
- Fuller, F.W., Parrish, M. and Nance, F.C., 1994. A review of the dosimetry of 1% silver sulfadiazine cream in burn wound treatment. Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation, 15 (3), 213-223.
- Parrish, M., 1994. The long-term bio-psycho-socioeconomic consequences of a severe burn injury for adults. Social Work Abstracts, 30 (3), 208.
- Parrish, M., 1991. Are We Underestimating the Psychosocial Rehabilitation Needs of the Occupationally Injured? Proceedings of the American Burn Association Conference.
- Parrish, M., 1982. The Monastery of the Holy Spirit, Conyers, Georgia. Georgia Journal, 3 (1), 12-20.
Books
- Parrish, M., 2014. Social Work Perspectives on Human Behaviour, 2nd ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
- Parrish, M., 2010. Social Work Perspectives on Human Behaviour. Open University Press --McGraw Hill.
Chapters
- Parrish, M., 2019. Cognitive theories and cognitive development. In: Parker, J. and Crabtree, S., eds. Human growth and development in children and young people: Theoretical and practice perspectives. Policy Press.
- Parrish, M., 2019. Cognitive theories and cognitive development relevant to adults. In: Parker, J. and Ashencaen Crabree, S., eds. Human growth and development in children and young people: Theoretical and practice perspectives. Policy Press.
- Parrish, M. and Long-Burry, C., 2018. Out of sight: out of mind: The experiences of mothers involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital. In: Gordon, L., ed. Contemporary Research and Analysis on the Children of Prisoners Invisible Children. Newcastle Upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 133-140.
- Parrish, M., 2004. Urban poverty as a hidden demographic variable. In the eyes of the beholder: Diversity in the education of gifted students. Waco, TX: Proofrock Publishers, 203-211.
- Perman, J. and Parrish, M., 2004. Munchausen by Proxy/Factitious Disorder by Proxy. In: Walker, A.W., ed. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease, 4th Ed. Hamilton, Ontario: B.C. Decker.
- Parrish, M., Feroli, K. and Felice, M., 2001. Rape. In: Hoekelman, R.A. and Friedman, S., eds. Primary Pediatric Care 4th edition. St. Louis: Mosby, 2020-2027.
- Parrish, M., 2000. How do I assess for neglect among at-risk adolescents? In: Dubowitz, H. and DePanfilis, D., eds. Handbook for Child Protection Practice. California: Sage, 137-139.
- Parrish, M., 2000. How do I assess for possible histories of trauma among assaultive adolescents? In: Dubowitz, H. and DePanfilis, D., eds. Handbook for Child Protection Practice. California: Sage, 168-171.
- Perman, J. and Parrish, M., 2000. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy/Factitious Disorder by Proxy. In: Walker, A.W., ed. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease, 3rd Ed. Hamilton, Ontario: B.C. Decker.
- Parrish, M., Felice, M. and Bernstein, A., 1996. Rape. In: Hoekelman, R.A. and Friedman, S., eds. Primary Pediatric Care 3rd edition. St. Louis: Mosby, 1751-1757.
Conferences
- Parrish, M., Long, C. and Ewbank, J., 2016. Five professions, two countries, six students and one psychiatric hospital: What could possibly go right? In: CAIPE 6-9 September 2016 Oxford.
- Parrish, M. and Galley, D., 2014. Gender Biases in Social Work Education and Practice. In: JSWEC 16th Education Conference 2014 Royal Holloway University.
- Parrish, M. and Burry, C., 2013. Twofold Adversity: Incarcerated mothers and child protection. In: International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect 15-18 September 2013 Dublin, Ireland.
- Parrish, M., 2013. Preliminary findings from a recovery-based psycho-educational group programme for adults with dual diagnoses. In: Re-engaging in Life Conference 5-6 September 2013 Bournemouth University.
- Parrish, M., 2013. Comparisons of ASYE in the UK and the EPAS framework in the US: Competency Benchmark Comparisons. In: JSWEC 15th Education Conference 11-12 July 2013 Royal Holloway University, London.
- Parrish, M., 2012. Forgotten Parents and Overlooked Children: Working with Incarcerated Parents and Their Children. In: British Association for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect 15-17 April 2012 Belfast, Northern Ireland.
- Parrish, M., 2011. Working with Women in the Prison Systems Who Have Children: A Comparison of US and UK Practice. In: Gender and Child Welfare Conference 5-7 June 2011 Galway, Ireland.
- Parrish, M., 2010. Conducting Groupwork with People with Dual Diagnoses. In: 15th European Groupwork Symposium 11-12 August 2010 York, England.
- Burry, S., Parrish, M. and Regent, D., 2010. Serving Those Who Served: UK & US Social Work practice with the military and their families. In: JSWEC 12th Education Conference 2010 Hatfield.
- Cheeseman, M. and Parrish, M., 2010. Learning, Teaching and Research Implications of an Alcohol Survey Conducted with Undergraduates. In: JSWEC 12th Education Conference 2010 Hatfield.
- Burry, C., Rejent, D. and Parrish, M., 2009. Serving Those Who Served: SW Curriculum Considerations in the US and UK. In: Council on SW Education Conference 2009 San Antonio, TX.
- Parrish, M., 2008. A Peer-Mentoring Project for Undergraduate Social Work Students. In: Council on Social Work Education Conference 2008 Philadelphia, PA.
- Parrish, M. and Hookins, M., 2007. The "Study Buddy Project": Peer Mentoring for Social Work Students. In: JSWEC Conference 2007 Swansea.
- Chilton, J. and Parrish, M., 2007. Inter-professional collaboration providing psycho-educational groups for patients with dual diagnoses. In: Evidence-Based Practice: An Inter-Professional Learning Conference 2007 Liverpool.
- Parrish, M., 2007. Alcohol and Drug Use and Violence. In: Herefordshire County Council Conference: Research and Its Place in Your Practice 2007 Belmont, Herefordshire.
- Parrish, M. and Burry, C., 2006. Common and uncommon languages: An American's adventures teaching social work in England. In: Council on SW Education, 2006 National Conference 2006 Chicago.
- Hartin, J. and Parrish, M., 2006. Identifying "Threshold Concepts" for Social Work Education in the US and England. In: Council on SW Education, 2006 National Conference 2006 Chicago.
- Burry, C. and Parrish, M., 2005. Services to homeless women with HIV/AIDS. In: Council on Social Work Education National Conference Symposium 2005 New York.
- Parrish, M. and Burry, C., 2004. Community-based case management services for urban women with HIV/AIDS. In: International Conference on Social Work in Health 2004 Quebec.
- Parrish, M. and Gray, M., 2004. Ethical dilemmas regarding students with substance related problems: Ambiguities when academic, NASW, & Licensure guidelines differ. In: Council on Social Work Education National Conference Symposium 2004 Annaheim, CA.
- Parrish, M., 2003. Interdisciplinary Practice as part of field instruction. In: Mid-Atlantic Field Instruction Consortium 2003 Washington, D.C..
- Parrish, M. and Burry, C., 2003. The Bumpy road from research to reality: The Challenges of field-based research with vulnerable populations. In: Society for Social Work & Research 2003 Washington, D.C..
- Parrish, M. and Perman, J., 2002. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Implications for an Interdisciplinary Team Approach. In: American Professional Society for the Abuse of Children National Conference 2002 New Orleans, LA.
- Parrish, M. and Cooper, C., 2000. An Interdisciplinary project providing psychosocial services to survivors of urban violence. In: NASW, National conference: Social Work 2000: Strategies to Succeed in the New Market Economy 2000 Baltimore, MD.
- Parrish, M., 1997. Associations between depressive symptoms and exposure to violence among pregnant and parenting adolescents. In: Society for Adolescent Medicine National Conference: Special Interest Group on Violence 1997 San Francisco, CA.
- Parrish, M., 1996. Adolescent Survivors of Sexual Trauma: Some Multi-disciplinary Considerations for Practice and Research. In: Crisis in the Human Services International Conference 1996 Cambridge University.
- Parrish, M., 1996. Negative Reproductive Health Outcomes Among Adolescent Females Following Sexual Abuse, Rape or Assault. In: Society for Adolescent Medicine National Conference 1996 Washington, D.C..
- Parrish, M., 1995. Special Needs of Adolescent Survivors of Sexual Trauma. In: National Coalition Against Sexual Assault Conference 1995 Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.
- Parrish, M., 1994. Sexually Abused, Raped or Assaulted Adolescent Girls. In: Healthy Women/Healthy Nation Conference 1994 Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
- Parrish, M., 1991. Are We Underestimating the Psychosocial Rehabilitation Needs of the Occupationally Injured Burn Patient? In: American Burn Association National Conference 1991 Baltimore, MD.
- Parrish, M., 1990. Long and Short-term Intervention with Survivors of Traumatic Injury and Their Families. In: NASW National Convention 1990 Boston, MA.
Reports
- Parrish, M. and Cheeseman, M., 2010. The Findings from the University of Gloucestershire Alcohol Survey: A Report to the University.. University of Gloucestershire.
Invited Lectures
-
Westcote, Oxford, 01 Mar 2006 more
Mental Health and Mental Ill-Health: A Continuum Approach. Clinical Theology Association, Oxford Regional Day. -
Catholic Charities, New Jersey., 01 Nov 2003 more
Sad Kids, Mad Kids: How Depression Can Impair Academic Performance in Children and Adolescents. -
Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD., 01 May 2003 more
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Some Interdisciplinary Implications. -
NASW-New Jersey Chapter Annual Conference., 01 Apr 2003 more
Sad Kids/Mad Kids: How Depression Can Impair Academic Performance in Children and Adolescents. -
01 Jan 2003 more
Adolescent Depression and Suicide Risks: Awareness, Recognition and Response. Episcopal Diocese of Maryland. -
Baltimore, MD., 01 Jan 2001 more
Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy Syndrome: Implications for Interdisciplinary Practice. -
Maryland., 01 Jan 2001 more
Mood Disorders Among Children and Adolescents. Workshop conducted for Maryland CASA Association, Inc. -
Baltimore City Public School System., 01 Jan 2000 more
Sad Kids, Mad Kids: How Depression Can Influence Academic Performance. -
Baltimore., 01 Jan 2000 more
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as it relates to children, adolescents and young adults. Training provided to Staff at Florence Crittenton Services. -
Univ of Maryland School of Law., 01 Jan 1999 more
The Impact of Addiction on Families. Substance Abuse, Families & the Courts: Legal and Public Health Challenges -
University of Maryland School of Medicine., 01 Jan 1999 more
Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome/Factitious Disorder by Proxy Syndrome. -
01 Jan 1995 more
Effective Outreach to Adolescents at Risk of Substance Abuse UMAB School of Social Work, Continuing Education Conference. -
Univ. of Maryland at Baltimore, 01 Jan 1995 more
"Alcohol, Drugs and Women": Substance Abuse/Trends & Issues Conference. -
01 Jan 1994 more
Substance Abuse and Women. Management and Clinical Aspects of EAP Practice College of Business and Management/School of Social Work, Univ. of Maryland. -
01 Jan 1993 more
Substance Abuse Issues in Medical Patients. New Jersey Society of Nephrology Social Workers, New Brunswick, New Jersey. -
01 Jan 1990 more
The Impact of Traumatic Injury on the Family. New Jersey NASW Social Workers Day Workshop Speaker. -
Chester, PA., 01 Jan 1989 more
Long-term Psychosocial Implications of Severe Burns.Mid-Atlantic Burn Conference. -
01 Jan 1987 more
Women in Poverty in South Carolina. South Carolina NASW Spring Symposium Workshop Convenor -
01 Jan 1985 more
Self-Esteem and Special-Needs Children. Staff In-Service: Shriners Hospitals, Greenville, South Carolina.
Grants
- Complex Parenting Project: An Exploration of the Challenges to Parenting for Women Who are Sectioned (Bournemouth University, 15 Jun 2015). Completed
- Complex Parenting Project: An Exploration of the Challenges to Parenting for Women Who are Sectioned. (Bournemouth University Seedcorn Funding., 01 Jan 2015). Completed
- An Exploration of Hard-to-Reach, Treatment-Resistant Young People. (Gloucestershire County Council/Univ. of Gloucestershire., 01 Jan 2012). Completed
- The University of Gloucestershire Alcohol Study: Patterns of Undergraduate Drinking Behaviours. (The University of Gloucestershire, 01 Jan 2008). Completed
- The Study Buddy Project: A Peer Mentoring Project for Undergraduate Social Work Students at the University of Gloucestershire (University of Gloucestershire., 01 Jan 2006). Completed
- Questions Regarding MSW Students’ Perceptions of Substance-Related Problems Among Their Peers. (University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, Maryland., 01 Jan 2003). Completed
- Long-term Bio-Psycho-Socioeconomic Consequences of Severe Burn Injuries for Adults. Saint Barnabas Burn Center, Livingston, New Jersey. (Saint Barnabas Burn Foundation, 01 Jan 1998). Completed
- 1994-1995 Addressing the Diverse Needs of Adjudicated, Sexually Abused Adolescent Females. (State of Maryland Juvenile Justice Advisory Council, 01 Jan 1994). Completed
External Responsibilities
- Middlesex University, External Examiner (2011-)
- National Association of Social Workers, Maryland Chapter, Chapter President (1999-2001)
- National Association of Social Workers, South Carolina Chapter, Board member (1987-1988)
- Hospice of Athens, Ga., Founding member (1983-1984)
- British Journal of Social Work, Reviewer
- National Institute for Social Care and Health Research, Reviewer
Consultancy Activities
- BU link for Reducing Harm from Alcohol Programme, Consultation. Wessex Academic Health Science Network
- The Family Haven Project, Gloucester, Consultation.. The Family Haven Project, Gloucester.
- Dual Diagnosis Treatment Workgroup., Consultation.. Gloucestershire Partnership Trust (2Gether Gloucester).
- Diocese of Maryland Commission on Youth Suicide., Consultation.. Diocese of Maryland.
- Clinical Consultant, Consultation.. Potomac Ridge Behavioral Health, Crownsville, MD
- Consultation with Center for Infant Studies Staff., Consultation.. Center for Infant Studies Staff.
Attended Training
- The ‘Legal Highs’ Phenomenon. Drug Train. Drug & Alcohol National Occupational Standards. Bournemouth., 01 Jan 2013
- Introduction to Good Clinical Practice, National Institute for Health Research. NIHR CRN. Poole., 01 Jan 2012
- Suicide Prevention in a Time of National Crisis, 01 Jan 2003
- Psychopharmacology: 1-Day Workshop, Baltimore, MD, 01 Jan 2002
- Domestic Violence: Meeting the Clinical Challenges, Baltimore, MD, 01 Jan 2002
- Mayor’s Domestic Violence Coordinating Healthcare Workgroup, Baltimore, MD, 01 Jan 2002
- A Social Work Education Model for the Prevention and Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders NIAAA, Washington, D.C., 01 Jan 2001
- Domestic Violence: Roots, Resources & Remedies, Baltimore, MD, 01 Jan 2001
- Critical Incident Stress Management: Basic NASW-MD, Baltimore, MD, 01 Jan 2000
- Blending Physiologic, Behavioral, & Family Approaches to Research on Chronic Childhood Illness, 01 Jan 2000
- Juvenile Justice and Mental Health Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Washington, D.C., 01 Jan 2000
- Counseling the Bereaved Family in the Emergency Department, Pilot Training for Social Workers, NASW, Washington, D.C., 01 Jan 2000
- HIV Care Conference AIDS: A Challenge to Primary Care, Maryland Nurses Association, Baltimore, MD, 01 Jan 1999
- Tuerk Conference: Heroin Addiction: Many Paths to Recovery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD., 01 Jan 1999
- Sexual Assault Forensic Examination Training Program, University of Maryland Dept. of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 01 Jan 1997
- Tuerk Conference: Women and Addictions, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 01 Jan 1997
- Clinical Uses of Hypnosis. Maryland Society for Clinical Social Work Victor Fitterman, M.S.W, 01 Jan 1995
- Oriented Problem Solving Group & Individual Therapy, Advanced Clinical Skills (Gorski Method), Baltimore, Maryland, 01 Jan 1994
- Rutgers Summer School of Alcohol Studies, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 01 Jan 1990
- HIV/AIDS Educator Instruction, Red Cross Certification, Summit, New Jersey, 01 Jan 1990
- Rutgers Summer School of Alcohol Studies, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 01 Jan 1989
- Clinical Pastoral Education, Athens, Georgia, 01 Jan 1981
Qualifications
- PhD in Social Work (Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 1991)
- MSW in Mental Health (University of Georgia, 1984)
- BA (Hons) in History & English Literature (University of Georgia, 1976)
Honours
- “You’re Brilliant” Award (Bournemouth University, 2014)
- Nominated for Innovation in Teaching & Learning Award (SWAP, 2011)
- “Research Star” Award (STC Research Committee, 2002)
- Elected to “Who’s Who Among American Teachers” (2002)
- National Association of Social Workers: Leadership Award (NASW-MD in recognition of service to the Maryland Chapter, 2001)
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma "Hero" Award (University of Maryland Medical Systems Shock Trauma Center, 1997)
Memberships
- British Assoc. Study & Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, Member (2012-),
- College of Social Work, Member (2012-2015),
- Health & Care Professions Council, Member (2012-),
- Wellbeing in Prisons Higher Education Network Working Group, Member (2011-),
- General Social Care Council, Member (2009-),
- British Association of Social Workers, Member (2006-),
- NASW-Maryland, Representative at Delegate Assembly (2002),
- Maryland Joint Commission on Inter-professional Affairs, Member (1999-2001),
- Maryland Legislative Council of Social Workers, Member (1999-2001),
- NASW-Maryland Chapter, President (1999-2001),
- NASW-Maryland Executive Committee, Member (1999-2001),
- NASW-Maryland Personnel Committee, Member (1998-2004),
- NASW-Maryland Social Work Month Committee, Member (1998-2004),
- NASW-Maryland Student-Faculty Liaison Committee, Member (1998-2004),
- American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, Member (1996-2005),
- Society for Adolescent Medicine, Chesapeake Chapter, Member (1994-2002),
- State of Maryland, Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Member (1994-),
- Council on Social Work Education, Member (1992-),
- The Academy of Certified Social Workers, Member (1986-),
- State of South Carolina, Member (1985-1987),
- National Association of Social Workers, Member (1984-),