Changhong Liu

Professor Changhong Liu

  • Professor In Psychology
  • Poole House P127, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB
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Biography

I joined BU in 2013. Before this, I had an academic position at University of Hull, where I developed my research in face perception and other aspects of high-level vision. I began to take an interest in face perception when I was a postdoctoral fellow at McGill University. I did my PhD study in cognitive psychology at University of Toronto.

Research

My main research interest is face perception. My interests in identity recognition focus on how recognition of unfamiliar faces over time ceases to be dependent on the images through which familiarity was originally acquired. My work explores how this transition is affected by variation in facial expression across the images used to create familiarity, and how a face learned with one emotional expression can eventually be recognised when it is exhibiting different emotions. Related applied research uses image-processing techniques to create performance-enhancing training materials that mitigate image-dependence in recognition (e.g., in person identification). I am also examining how cultural differences between Easterners and Westerners in self-face recognition are shaped, and identifying the neural substrates that underlie these differences. Finally, I study how facial features determine attractiveness judgements and how attractiveness affects social attention.

Journal Articles

  • Shang, J., Liu, Z. and Liu, C.H., 2024. Voice attractiveness and decision making in third-party punishment. PsyCh Journal, 13 (1), 142-144.
  • Zhang, Z., Chen, T., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Zhao, K., Liu, C.H. and Fu, X., 2023. Decoding the temporal representation of facial expression in face-selective regions. NeuroImage, 283.
  • Yao, L., Fu, Q. and Liu, C.H., 2023. The roles of edge-based and surface-based information in the dynamic neural representation of objects. NeuroImage, 283.
  • Fujihara, Y., Guo, K. and Liu, C.H., 2023. Relationship between types of anxiety and the ability to recognize facial expressions. Acta Psychologica, 241.
  • Shang, J. and Liu, C.H., 2023. The Role of Sex in the Effect of Vocal Attractiveness on Ultimatum Game Decisions. Behavioral Sciences, 13 (5).
  • Albert, G., Wells, E., Arnocky, S., Liu, C.H., Hlay, J.K. and Hodges-Simeon, C.R., 2023. Does Men’s Facial Sexual Dimorphism Affect Male Observers’ Selective Attention? Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 9 (1), 1-25.
  • Moseley, R.L., Liu, C.H., Gregory, N.J., Smith, P., Baron-Cohen, S. and Sui, J., 2022. Levels of Self-representation and Their Sociocognitive Correlates in Late-Diagnosed Autistic Adults. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52 (7), 3246-3259.
  • Peng, S., Liu, C.H., Liu, W. and Yang, Z., 2022. Emotion matters: Face ensemble perception is affected by emotional states. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 29 (1), 116-122.
  • Liu, C.H., Young, A.W., Li, J., Tian, X. and Chen, W., 2022. Predicting attractiveness from face parts reveals multiple covarying cues. British Journal of Psychology.
  • Guo, K., Hare, A. and Liu, C.H., 2022. Impact of Face Masks and Viewers’ Anxiety on Ratings of First Impressions from Faces. Perception, 51 (1), 37-50.
  • Cui, Q., Liu, M., Liu, C.H., Long, Z., Zhao, K. and Fu, X., 2021. Unpredictable fearful stimuli disrupt timing activities: Evidence from event-related potentials. Neuropsychologia, 163.
  • Liu, M., Liu, C.H., Zheng, S., Zhao, K. and Fu, X., 2021. Reexamining the neural network involved in perception of facial expression: A meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 131, 179-191.
  • Peng, S., Liu, C.H. and Hu, P., 2021. Effects of subjective similarity and culture on ensemble perception of faces. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 83 (3), 1070-1079.
  • Albert, G., Wells, E., Arnocky, S., Liu, C.H. and Hodges-Simeon, C.R., 2021. Observers use facial masculinity to make physical dominance assessments following 100-ms exposure. Aggressive Behavior, 47 (2), 226-235.
  • Zhao, K., Liu, M., Gu, J., Mo, F., Fu, X. and Liu, C.H., 2021. Corrigendum to “The Preponderant Role of Fusiform Face Area for the Facial Expression Confusion Effect: An MEG Study” [Neuroscience 433C (2020) 42–52] (Neuroscience (2020) 433 (42–52), (S0306452220301445), (10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.001)). Neuroscience, 453, 324.
  • Shang, J., Liu, Z., Yang, H., Wang, C., Zheng, L., Chen, W. and Liu, C.H., 2020. Perceptual Advantage of Animal Facial Attractiveness: Evidence From b-CFS and Binocular Rivalry. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
  • Liu, C.H., Young, A.W., Basra, G., Ren, N. and Chen, W., 2020. Perceptual integration and the composite face effect. Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 73 (7), 1101-1114.
  • Zhao, K., Liu, M., Gu, J., Mo, F., Fu, X. and Liu, C., 2020. The Preponderant Role of Fusiform Face Area for the Facial Expression Confusion Effect: An MEG Study. Neuroscience, 433, 42-52.
  • Peng, S., Liu, C.H., Yang, X., Li, H., Chen, W. and Hu, P., 2020. Culture variation in the average identity extraction: The role of global vs. local processing orientation. Visual Cognition.
  • To, M.P.S., Carvey, K.M., Carvey, R.J. and Liu, C.H., 2019. Averaging sets of expressive faces is modulated by eccentricity. Journal of Vision, 19 (11), 1-14.
  • Zheng, W., Liu, Y., Liu, C.H., Chen, Y.H., Cui, Q. and Fu, X., 2019. The influence of event valence and emotional states on the metaphorical comprehension of time. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (MAR).
  • Peng, S., Zhang, L., Xu, R., Liu, C.H., Chen, W. and Hu, P., 2019. Self-construal priming modulates ensemble perception of multiple-face identities. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (MAY).
  • Wang, J., Tian, F., Yu, H., Liu, C.H., Zhan, K. and Wang, X., 2018. Diverse Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Multiview Data Representation. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 48 (9), 2620-2632.
  • Chen, W., Ren, N., Young, A.W. and Liu, C.H., 2018. Interaction Between Social Categories in the Composite Face Paradigm. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION, 44 (1), 34-49.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chen, W., 2018. The boundary of holistic processing in the appraisal of facial attractiveness. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE, 5 (6).
  • Wang, J., Wang, X., Tian, F., Liu, C.H. and Yu, H., 2017. Constrained Low-Rank Representation for Robust Subspace Clustering. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 47 (12), 4534-4546.
  • Li, H., Ji, L., Tong, K., Ren, N., Chen, W., Liu, C.H. and Fu, X., 2016. Processing of individual items during ensemble coding of facial expressions. Frontiers in Psychology, 7 (SEP).
  • Liu, C.H., Chen, W., Ward, J. and Takahashi, N., 2016. Dynamic Emotional Faces Generalise Better to a New Expression but not to a New View. Scientific Reports, 6.
  • Liu, C.H., Chen, W. and Ward, J., 2015. Effects of exposure to facial expression variation in face learning and recognition. Psychol Res, 79 (6), 1042-1053.
  • Takahashi, N., Shibui, S., Liu, C.H. and Yamada, H., 2015. How does facial distinctiveness relate to facial expression. Journal of Japanese Academy of Facial Studies, 15, 61-69.
  • Longmore, C.A., Liu, C.H. and Young, A.W., 2015. The importance of internal facial features in learning new faces. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68 (2), 249-260.
  • Chen, W., Liu, C.H., Li, H., Tong, K., Ren, N. and Fu, X., 2015. Facial expression at retrieval affects recognition of facial identity. Frontiers in Psychology, 6 (JUN).
  • Nakabayashi, K. and Liu, C.H., 2014. Development of holistic vs. featural processing in face recognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8.
  • Liu, C.H., Chen, W. and Ward, J., 2014. Remembering faces with emotional expressions. Front Psychol, 5, 1439.
  • Takahashi, N., Liu, C.H. and Yamada, H., 2014. Adaptation aftereffects may decipher ophelia’s facial expression. Perception, 43 (12), 1393-1399.
  • Liu, C.H., Chen, W., Han, H. and Shan, S., 2013. Effects of image preprocessing on face matching and recognition in human observers. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27 (6), 718-724.
  • Nakabayashi, K. and Liu, C.H., 2013. Developmental Differences in Holistic Interference of Facial Part Recognition. PLOS ONE, 8 (10).
  • Liu, C.H. and Chen, W., 2012. Beauty is better pursued: effects of attractiveness in multiple-face tracking. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove), 65 (3), 553-564.
  • Nakabayashi, K., Lloyd-Jones, T.J., Butcher, N. and Liu, C.H., 2012. Independent influences of verbalization and race on the configural and featural processing of faces: a behavioral and eye movement study. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn, 38 (1), 61-77.
  • Liu, T., Chen, W., Liu, C.H. and Fu, X., 2012. Benefits and costs of uniqueness in multiple object tracking: The role of object complexity. Vision Research, 66, 31-38.
  • Chen, W., Liu, C.H. and Nakabayashi, K., 2012. Beauty hinders attention switch in change detection: The role of facial attractiveness and distinctiveness. PLoS ONE, 7 (2).
  • Sui, J., Hong, Y.-Y., Liu, C.H., Humphreys, G.W. and Han, S., 2012. Dynamic cultural modulation of neural responses to one’s own and friend’s faces. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience.
  • Chen, W., Lander, K. and Liu, C.H., 2011. Matching faces with emotional expressions. Frontiers in Psychology, 2 (AUG).
  • Guo, K., Liu, C.H. and Roebuck, H., 2011. I know you are beautiful even without looking at you: Discrimination of facial beauty in peripheral vision. Perception, 40 (2), 191-195.
  • Liu, C.H., Chai, X., Shan, S., Honma, M. and Osada, Y., 2009. Synthesized views can improve face recognition. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23 (7), 987-998.
  • Liu, C.H., Bhuiyan, M.A.-A., Ward, J. and Sui, J., 2009. Transfer between pose and illumination training in face recognition. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 35 (4), 939-947.
  • Ren, D., Chen, W., Liu, C.H. and Fu, X., 2009. Identity processing in multiple-face tracking. Journal of Vision, 9 (5).
  • Sui, J., Liu, C.H., Wang, L. and Han, S., 2009. Attentional orientation induced by temporarily established self-referential cues. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove), 62 (5), 844-849.
  • Sui, J. and Liu, C.H., 2009. Can beauty be ignored? Effects of facial attractiveness on covert attention. Psychon Bull Rev, 16 (2), 276-281.
  • Chen, W. and Liu, C.H., 2009. Transfer between pose and expression training in face recognition. Vision Research, 49 (3), 368-373.
  • Sui, J., Liu, C.H. and Han, S., 2009. Cultural difference in neural mechanisms of self-recognition. Soc Neurosci, 4 (5), 402-411.
  • Chen, W., Liu, C., Lander, K. and Fu, X., 2009. Comparison of human face matching behavior and computational image similarity measure. SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES F-INFORMATION SCIENCES, 52 (2), 316-321.
  • Hudson, M., Liu, C.H. and Jellema, T., 2009. Anticipating intentional actions: The effect of eye gaze direction on the judgment of head rotation. Cognition, 112, 423-434.
  • Longmore, C.A., Liu, C.H. and Young, A.W., 2008. Learning Faces From Photographs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34 (1), 77-100.
  • Sui, J. and Liu, C.H., 2008. Influence of self-related information on attention. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 43 (3-4), 656.
  • Bhulyan, M.A.-A., Liu, C.H. and Ueno, H., 2008. On Pose Estimation for Human-Robot Symbiosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ROBOTIC SYSTEMS, 5 (1), 19-30.
  • Bhuiyan, M.A.A., Islam, M.E., Begum, N., Hasanuzzaman, M., Liu, C.H. and Ueno, H., 2007. Vision based gesture recognition for human-robot symbiosis. 2007 10th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology, ICCIT.
  • Liu, C.H., Ward, J. and Markall, H., 2007. The role of active exploration of 3D face stimuli on recognition memory of facial information. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 33 (4), 895-904.
  • Chen, W., Liu, C.H. and Fu, X., 2007. Asymmetry of left versus right lateral face in face recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 4738 LNCS, 712-713.
  • Liu, C.H., Bhuiyan, A.-A. and Ward, J., 2007. Transfer between pose and illumination training in face recognition. PERCEPTION, 36, 148-149.
  • Hess, R.F., Wang, Y.-Z. and Liu, C.H., 2006. The accessibility of spatial channels for stereo and motion. Vision Res, 46 (8-9), 1318-1326.
  • Liu, C.H. and Ward, J., 2006. The use of 3D information in face recognition. Vision Res, 46 (6-7), 768-773.
  • Liu, C.H. and Ward, J., 2006. Face recognition in pictures is affected by perspective transformation but not by the centre of projection. Perception, 35 (12), 1637-1650.
  • Liu, C.H., Ward, J. and Young, A.W., 2006. Transfer between two- and three-dimensional representations of faces. Visual Cognition, 13 (1), 51-64.
  • Liu, C.H., Ward, J. and Markall, H., 2006. The role of exploratory action in face encoding. PERCEPTION, 35, 212.
  • Hudson, M., Jellema, T. and Liu, C.H., 2006. Social cues of attention mediate representational momentum. PERCEPTION, 35, 154.
  • Ward, J. and Liu, C.H., 2005. VRVision: a new tool for the display of 3-D images in behavioral research. Behav Res Methods, 37 (3), 464-469.
  • Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A., Farivar, R. and Chaudhuri, A., 2005. Recognizing faces defined by texture gradients. Percept Psychophys, 67 (1), 158-167.
  • Liu, C.H. and Ward, J., 2005. Advantages of 3D methods for face recognition research in humans. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 3723 LNCS, 244-254.
  • Collin, C.A., Liu, C.H., Troje, N.F., McMullen, P.A. and Chaudhuri, A., 2004. Face recognition is affected by similarity in spatial frequency range to a greater degree than within-category object recognition. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 30 (5), 975-987.
  • Liu, C.H., Ward, J. and Young, A.W., 2004. Face matching across 2-D and 3-D representations. PERCEPTION, 33, 109.
  • Liu, C.H., 2004. Is face perception model-based or image-based? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 39 (5-6), 384.
  • Hess, R.F., Liu, C.H. and Wang, Y.-Z., 2003. Differential binocular input and local stereopsis. Vision Res, 43 (22), 2303-2313.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 2003. Face recognition with perspective transformation. Vision Res, 43 (23), 2393-2402.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 2003. What determines whether faces are special? Visual Cognition, 10 (4), 385-408.
  • Liu, C.H., Seetzen, H., Burton, A.M. and Chaudhuri, A., 2003. Face recognition is robust with incongruent image resolution: relationship to security video images. J Exp Psychol Appl, 9 (1), 33-41.
  • Liu, C.H., Seetzen, H., Burton, A.M. and Chaudhuri, A., 2002. Face recognition is robust against incongruent image resolution. Journal of Vision, 2 (7).
  • Hess, R.F., Liu, C.H. and Wang, Y.Z., 2002. Luminance spatial scale and local stereo-sensitivity. Vision Res, 42 (3), 331-342.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 2002. Reassessing the 3/4 view effect in face recognition. Cognition, 83 (1), 31-48.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 2002. The effect of linear perspective on face recognition. PERCEPTION, 31, 19-20.
  • Liu, C.H., Lalonde, J. and Chaudhuri, A., 2001. Are faces easier to recognize in 3/4 view than in full-face or profile view? Journal of Vision, 1 (3).
  • Liu, C.H., 2001. Rethinking the issue of innateness in concept acquisition. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 43, 11-21.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. Recognition of unfamiliar faces: Three kinds of effects. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4 (12), 445-446.
  • Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A., Rainville, S.J. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. The effects of spatial frequency overlap on face recognition. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 26 (3), 956-979.
  • Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. Does face recognition rely on encoding of 3-D surface? Examining the role of shape-from-shading and shape-from-stereo. Perception, 29 (6), 729-743.
  • Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. Shape-from-shading and shape-from-stereo in face perception. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, 41 (4), S225.
  • Collin, C.A., Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. Object recognition is less affected by variations in spatial frequency overlap than face recognition. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, 41 (4), S223.
  • Lalonde, J., Liu, C.H., Collins, C.A. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. Facial identity can be defined by texture gradients alone. INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE, 41 (4), S223.
  • Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A., Burton, A.M. and Chaudhuri, A., 1999. Lighting direction affects recognition of untextured faces in photographic positive and negative. Vision Res, 39 (24), 4003-4009.
  • Ellemberg, D., Lewis, T.L., Liu, C.H. and Maurer, D., 1999. Development of spatial and temporal vision during childhood. VISION RESEARCH, 39 (14), 2325-2333.
  • Ellemberg, D., Lewis, T.L., Maurer, D., Liu, C.H. and Brent, H.P., 1999. Spatial and temporal vision in patients treated for bilateral congenital cataracts. Vision Research, 39, 3480-3489.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 1998. Are there qualitative differences between face processing in photographic positive and negative? Perception, 27 (9), 1107-1122.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 1997. Face recognition with multi-tone and two-tone photographic negatives. Perception, 26 (10), 1289-1296.
  • Liu, C.H. and Kennedy, J.M., 1997. Form symbolism, analogy, and metaphor. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4 (4), 546-551.
  • Liu, C.H., 1997. Symbols: circles and spheres represent the same referents. Metaphor & Symbol, 12, 135-147.
  • Liu, C.H. and Kennedy, J.M., 1995. Misalignment effects in 3-D versions of Poggendorff displays. Percept Psychophys, 57 (3), 409-415.
  • REITH, E. and LIU, C.H., 1995. WHAT HINDERS ACCURATE DEPICTION OF PROJECTIVE SHAPE. PERCEPTION, 24 (9), 995-1010.
  • Liu, C.H. and Kennedy, J.M., 1994. Symbolic forms can be mnemonics for recall. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1 (4), 494-498.
  • Liu, C.H. and Kennedy, J.M., 1993. Symbolic forms and cognition. Psyke & Logos, 14, 441-456.
  • Kennedy, J.M., Green, C.D., Nicholls, A. and Liu, C.H., 1992. Illusions and knowing what is real. Ecological Psychology, 4, 153-172.

Chapters

  • Kennedy, J.M., Liu, C.H., Challis, B.H. and Kennedy, V., 2002. Form symbolism across languages: Danish, Slovenian and Japanese. Text Transfer: Metaphors, Translation and Expert-Lay Communication. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  • Liu, C.H. and Kennedy, J.M., 1996. Form and its symbolic meaning. Gombrich on Art and Psychology. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.

Conferences

  • He, X. and Liu, C., 2023. Judging the proportion of a facial expression in a set of faces. In: Experimental Psychology Society Meeting 12-14 July 2023 Swansea, UK.
  • Hare, A., Liu, C. and Guo, K., 2021. Impact of face covering on the formation of first impressions from faces. PERCEPTION, 50 (1_SUPPL), 172.
  • Fujihara, Y., Guo, K. and Liu, C.H., 2021. Relationship between Types of Anxiety and the Ability to Recognize Facial Expressions. PERCEPTION, 50 (1_SUPPL), 154-155.
  • Parker, K., Portch, E., Frowd, C.D. and Liu, C.H., 2020. Streamlining EvoFIT composite construction: Exploring the relationship between array number and composite recognisability. In: British Psychological Society Annual Conference 30 June-1 July 2020 University of Leeds.
  • Albert, G., Wells, E., Arnocky, S., Liu, C.H. and Hodges-Simeon, C.R., 2020. Male observers use facial sexual dimorphism to make physical dominance assessments following brief exposure. In: Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society 2-5 May 2020 Boston, MA..
  • Moseley, R., Liu, C.H., Gregory, N. and Sui, J., 2019. Self-representation in autism; are autistic people self-focused, and why does it matter? In: Meeting of the Experimental Psychology Society 10-12 July 2019 Bournemouth, UK.
  • Wang, J., Tian, F., Liu, C.H., Yu, H., Wang, X. and Tang, X., 2017. Robust nonnegative matrix factorization with ordered structure constraints. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2017-May, 478-485.
  • Wang, J., Tian, F., Wang, X., Yu, H., Liu, C.H. and Yang, L., 2017. Multi-component nonnegative matrix factorization. IJCAI International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 0, 2922-2928.
  • Bian, X., 2017. The effects of emotional expression on brand. In: ANZMAC Conference 2-6 December 2017 Melbourne, Australia.
  • Frowd, C.D., Heard, P., Alonso, M., Liu, C.H. and Saunders, E., 2016. Visualising the exterior context: the benefit to holistic face production. In: Annual Conference of British Psychological Society 31 August-2 September 2016 Barcelona, Spain.
  • Liu, C.H., 2016. Cultural and social factors in the development of face recognition. In: International Congress of Psychology 24-29 July 2016 Yokohama, Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 51, 359.
  • Wang, J., Wang, X., Tian, F., Liu, C.H., Yu, H. and Liu, Y., 2016. Adaptive multi-view semi-supervised nonnegative matrix factorization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 9948 LNCS, 435-444.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chen, W., 2016. The Boundary of Holistic Processing in Appraisal of Facial Attractiveness. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 51, 1016.
  • Bennetts, R.J. and Liu, C.H., 2016. British children all look the same: Patterns of eye movements are stable from five years of age. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 51, 359.
  • Wang, J., Tian, F., Liu, C.H. and Wang, X., 2015. Robust semi-supervised nonnegative matrix factorization. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2015-September.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chen, W., 2015. Masking external features of a face affects its attractiveness. In: Asian-Pacific Conference on Vision 9-12 July 2015 Singapore.
  • Bian, X., Morris, A. and Liu, C.H., 2015. The effect of facial expressions on product appeal. In: 44th Annual Conference of the European Marketing Academy 26-29 May 2015 Leuven, Belgium.
  • Takahashi, N., Liu, C.H. and Yamada, H., 2014. Decoding Ophelia's facial expression. In: 37th European Conference on Visual Perception 24-28 August 2014 Belgrade, Serbia. , 74.
  • Liu, C.H., Chen, W., Han, H. and Shan, S., 2014. Rectifying damaging effects of illumination on face recognition. In: Experimental Psychology Society 11-13 April 2012 Hull.
  • Fielding, K., Carvey, R. and Liu, C.H., 2014. Forming a summary representation of facial expressions in a group. In: Experimental Psychology Society 11-13 April 2012 Hull.
  • Liu, C.H., Chen, W. and Ward, J., 2013. Achieving expression-invariant face recognition. In: Experimental Psychology Society 3-5 July 2013 Bangor, UK.
  • Fielding, K., Carvey, R., To, M.P.S. and Liu, C.H., 2013. Singular or Summary: Do Eccentricity and Presence of Flankers Modulate the Judgement of Facial Expression? In: Vision Sciences Society 10-15 May 2013 Naples, Florida.
  • Liu, C., 2013. Eye movements in the rapid summarisation of attractiveness in groups. In: Vision Sciences Society 10-15 May 2013 Naples, Florida.
  • Fielding, K., Carvey, R. and Liu, C.H., 2012. Forming summary representations of facial expressions in groups. In: Yorkshire Vision Network 25 April 2012 York, UK.
  • Cavey, R., Fielding, K. and Liu, C.H., 2012. How is the beauty of a group summarised? In: Experimental Psychology Society 11-13 April 2012 Hull.
  • Takahashi, N., Liu, C.H. and Yamada, H., 2011. The attentional advantage of distinctive faces in change detection. In: European Conference on Visual Perception 28 August-1 September 2011 Toulouse, France.
  • Longmore, C., Santos, I.M., Liu, C.H. and Young, A.W., 2011. The role of images in the learning of new faces. In: The 5th International Conference on Memory 31 July-5 August 2011 York.
  • Fielding, K., Carvey, R. and Liu, C.H., 2011. Rapid Assessment of Mood and Identity in a Crowd. In: Yorkshire Vision Network 10 June 2011 York.
  • Carvey, R., Fielding, K. and Liu, C.H., 2011. Seeing the Beauty in a Group. In: Yorkshire Vision Network 10 June 2011 York, UK.
  • Carvey, R., Fielding, K. and Liu, C.H., 2011. Detecting facial beauty in groups. In: Experimental Psychology Society 13-15 April 2011 Oxford, UK.
  • Fielding, K., Carvey, R. and Liu, C.H., 2011. Rapid assessment of overall mood in a crowd. In: Experimental Psychology Society 13-15 April 2011 Oxford, UK.
  • 23. Nakabayashi, K., Lloyd-Jones, T., Butcher, N. and Liu, C., 2010. Independent and beneficial effects of verbalization and race on visual processing during face learning and recognition: A behavioral and eye movement study. In: Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society 18-21 November 2010 St. Louis, Missori, USA.
  • Sui, J., Liu, C.H., Zhang, M. and Han, S., 2009. Cultural contributions to the neural mechanisms of self-face perception. In: Society for Neuroscience 17-21 October 2009 Chicago, U.S.A..
  • Liu, C.H., Chen, W. and Sui, J., 2009. Spontaneous appraisal of facial attractiveness in attention tasks. In: European Society of Cognitive Psychology 2-5 September 2009 Krakow, Poland. Proceedings of the 16th Meeting of the European Society of Cognitive Psychology, 49.
  • Liu, C.H., Bhuiyan, A.A., Ward, J., Chen, W. and Sui, J., 2009. Transfer among pose, illumination, and expression training in face recognition. In: Meeting of the Experimental Psychology Society 5-6 January 2009 London, UK.
  • Sui, J., Liu, C.H. and Kennedy, J.M., 2008. Effects of active exploration on face recognition: Electrophysiological evidence. In: 49th Annual Meeting of the Psychonomic Society 13-16 November 2008 Chicago, U.S.A..
  • Sui, J. and Liu, C.H., 2008. Influence of self-related information on attention. In: XXIX International Congress of Psychology 20-25 July 2008 Berlin, Germany.
  • Liu, C.H. and Sui, J., 2008. Attractive faces and attention. In: Asian-Pacific Conference on Vision 18-21 July 2008 Brisbane, Australia.
  • Liu, C.H., Bhuiyan, A.A. and James, W., 2007. Transfer between pose and illumination training in face recognition. In: 29th European Conference on Visual Perception 27-31 August 2007 Arezzo, Italy. Perception, supplement, 36, 148 Pion.
  • Hudson, M., Jellema, T. and Liu, C.H., 2007. Displacement of biological motion is mediated by social cues of intentionality. In: Meeting of the Experimental Psychology Society 4-7 July 2007 Edinburgh, UK.
  • Sui, J. and Liu, C.H., 2007. Neural substrates of self-face perception can be influenced by self-construals. In: Meeting of the Experimental Psychology Society 4-7 July 2007 Edinburgh.
  • Sui, J. and Liu, C.H., 2007. Influence of self-construals on self-face recognition: an ERP Study. In: Cognitive Electrophysiology UK Workshop 2 2-3 July 2007 Stirling, UK.
  • Liu, C.H. and Hansen, S., 2007. Memory for faces receives greater benefits from active exploration than memory for non-face objects. In: Annual Conference of British Psychological Society 21-23 March 2007 York, United Kingdom.
  • Sui, J. and Liu, C.H., 2007. Cultural influence on self-face recognition: an ERP Study. In: Annual Conference of British Psychological Society 21-23 March 2007 York, UK.
  • Longmore, C., Liu, C.H. and Young, A.W., 2007. The effect of external features in the learning of new faces. In: Annual Conference of the Cognitive Section of the British Psychological Society 21-23 March 2007 York, UK.
  • Liu, C.H., 2007. Is face perception model-based or image-based? In: 28th International Congress of Psychology 8-13 August 2004 Beijing, China. International Journal of Psychology Taylor & Francis (Routledge): STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles.
  • Hudson, M., Jellema, T. and Liu, C.H., 2006. Social cues of intentionality mediate displacement effects. In: European Conference of Visual Perception 20-25 August 2006 St. Petersburg, Russia. Perception, 35, 154 SAGE Publications (UK and US).
  • Liu, C.H., Ward, J. and Markall, H., 2006. The role of exploratory action in face encoding. In: European Conference of Visual Perception 20-25 August 2006 St. Petersburg, Russia. Perception, 35, 212 SAGE Publications (UK and US).
  • Longmore, C., Liu, C.H. and Young, A.W., 2006. Learning faces from photographs. In: Experimental Psychology Society 5-6 January 2006 London, UK.
  • Longmore, C., Liu, C.H. and Young, A.W., 2005. Learning faces from single and multiple views. In: British Psychological Society Meeting 31 August-2 September 2005 Leeds, UK.
  • Hess, R.F., Wang, Z.-Y. and Liu, C.H., 2005. Accessibility of spatial channels. In: Vision Sciences Society 6-11 May 2005 Sarasota, Florida, USA. Journal of Vision, 5 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO).
  • Liu, C.H., Ward, J. and Young, A.W., 2004. Face matching across 2D and 3D representations. In: European Conference on Visual Perception 22-26 August 2004 Budapest, Hungary. Perception, 33, 109 SAGE Publications (UK and US).
  • Longmore, C., Young, A.W. and Liu, C.H., 2004. What can we learn about a face from a single view? In: Annual Conference of the Cognitive Section of the British Psychological Society 6 August-8 September 2004 Leeds, UK.
  • Liu, C.H., 2003. What accounts for the effect of perspective on face recognition? In: XIII Conference of the European Society of Cognitive Psychology 17-20 September 2003 Granada, Spain. XIII conference of the European Society of Cognitive Psychology : ESCOP - 2003.
  • Liu, C.H., 2003. Is face recognition in pictures affected by the center of projection? IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF FACE AND GESTURES, 53-58.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 2002. The effect of linear perspective on face recognition. In: 25th European Conference on Visual Perception 25-29 August 2002 Glasgow, UK. Perception, 31, 19-20 SAGE Publications (UK and US).
  • Liu, C.H., Hess, R.F. and Wang, Y.-Z., 2002. Luminance spatial scale and local stereopsis. In: Annual Meeting of The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 16-20 May 2002 Florida, USA.
  • Liu, C.H., Seetzen, H., Burton, A.M. and Chaudhuri, A., 2002. Face recognition is robust against incongruent image resolution. In: Vision Sciences Society 10-15 May 2002 Sarasota, Florida, USA.
  • Osada, Y., Nagasaka, Y. and Liu, C.H., 2001. The effect of eye movement control on face recognition. In: 65th Japanese Psychological Convention 7-9 November 2001 Tsukuba, Japan.
  • Osada, H., Nagasaka, Y. and Liu, C.H., 2001. Does configural information require global attention that encompasses the whole area of the face in the recognition of faces? In: European Conference of Visual Perception 26-30 August 2001 Kuşadasi, Turkey.
  • Liu, C.H., Lalonde, J. and Chaudhuri, A., 2001. Are faces easier to recognize in 3/4 view than in full-face or profile view? In: Vision Sciences Society 10-15 May 2001 Florida, USA.
  • Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. Shape-from-shading and shape-from-stereo in face perception. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 30 April-5 May 2000 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 41, 225.
  • Collin, C.A., Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. Object recognition is less affected by variations in spatial frequency overlap than face recognition. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 30 April-5 May 2000 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 41, 223.
  • Lalonde, J., Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A. and Chaudhuri, A., 2000. Facial identity can be defined by texture gradients alone. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 30 April-5 May 2000 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 41, 223.
  • Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A., Burton, A.M. and Chaudhuri, A., 1999. Photographic negative effects can be modulated by lighting directions. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 9-14 May 1999 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 40, 747.
  • Collin, C.A., Liu, C.H., Troje, N.F. and Chaudhuri, A., 1999. A asymmetrical link between names and faces in the 3/4 view. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 9-14 May 1999 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 40, 348.
  • Liu, C.H., Collin, C.A., Rainville, S.J.M. and Chaudhuri, A., 1998. Effects of overlapping spatial frequencies between learned and test face stimuli on face recognition. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 10-15 May 1998 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 39, 170.
  • Collin, C.A., Rainville, S.J.M., Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 1998. Effects of viewing angle in a face-name congruency task. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 10-15 May 1998 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 39, 173.
  • Ellemberg, D., Lewis, T.L., Liu, C.H., Maurer, D. and Brent, H.P., 1998. The development of spatial and temporal vision in normal children and in children treated for bilateral congenital cataracts. In: Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 10-15 May 1998 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 39, 1088.
  • Ellemberg, D., Lewis, T.L., Maurer, D., Liu, C.H. and Brent, H.P., 1998. Spatial and temporal vision in children treated for unilateral cataract. In: Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society for Brain Behaviour and Cognitive Science 1998 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
  • Liu, C.H. and Chaudhuri, A., 1997. Learning faces through bi-quantised pictures. In: Schmuckler, M.A. and Kennedy, J.M., eds. Ninth International Conference on Perception and Action 20-25 July 1997 Toronto, Canada. Studies in Perception and Action IV: Ninth International Conference on Perception and Action, 27-30 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Kennedy, J.M., Liu, C.H. and Miyoshi, H., 1994. Accretion/deletion: Shafts of illumination through dusty air. In: Psychonomics Society 35th Annual Meeting 11-13 November 1994 St. Louis, U.S.A..
  • Reith, E. and Liu, C.H., 1993. The effect of object-centered knowledge on drawing of projective shapes. In: The North American Meeting of the International Society for Ecological Psychology 1993 Massachusetts, U.S.A.
  • Kennedy, J.M., Liu, C.H. and Reith, E., 1993. Are illusory effects cumulative? Or just affirmative? In: Valenti, S.S., Pittenger, J.B. and Mace, W.M., eds. VIIth International Conference on Event Perception and Action 8-13 August 1993 Vancouver, Canada. Studies in Perception and Action II, 162-163.
  • Kennedy, J.M., Green, C.D., Nicholls, A. and Liu, C.H., 1992. Illusions and knowing what is real. In: Beek, P.J., Bootsman, R.J. and Wieringer, P.C.W., eds. VIth International Conference on Event Perception and Action 25-30 August 1992 Amsterdam, Netherlands. Studies in Perception and Action: Posters Presented at VIth International Conference on Event Perception and Action, 31-33.
  • Liu, C.H. and Tsuji, K., 1990. The effects of object words on non-object words in the judgment of fitness between shapes and words. In: 54th Japanese Psychological Convention 1990 Tokyo.
  • Liu, C.H. and Tsuji, K., 1990. Reaction times of fitness judgment between shapes and words. In: 39th Tokai Psychological Convention 1990 Nagoya, Japan.
  • Liu, C.H. and Tsuji, K., 1989. Temporal changes of content types in the association of visual forms. In: 38th Tokai Psychological Convention 1989 Nagoya Japan. Proceedings of 38th Tokai Psychological Convention.

Posters

Grants

  • Cultural Foundations of Face-ism (Ushioda East Asian Humanities Initiative Open Research, 01 Oct 2019). Awarded
  • Streamlining EvoFIT composite construction: : Exploring the relationship between array number and composite recognisability (British Psychological Society, 15 Jul 2019). Completed
  • Judging overall mood of a crowd: How does the brain rapidly perceive an average emotion from multiple faces? (British Academy, 01 Jul 2019). Awarded
  • AniStyle: Artistic Animation Rendering with Stylization - Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships (European Commission, 02 Feb 2018). Awarded
  • High dimensional heterogeneous data based animation techniques for Southeast Asian intangible cultural heritage digital content (European Commission, 01 Jan 2016). Awarded
  • Unconscious processing of facial attractiveness and its impact on attention (Chinese National Natural Science Foundation, 01 Jan 2015). Awarded
  • Effects of high-level face adaptation on identity discrimination (Chinese National Natural Science Foundation, 01 Jan 2015). Awarded
  • Building research collaborations with Peking University, Tsinghua University, and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Bournemouth University, 15 Jul 2014). Awarded
  • Cultural influences on typical and atypical development of face perception (Royal Society Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation, 16 Feb 2014). Awarded
  • Face perception research in collaboration with Chinese Academy of Sciences (Bournemouth University, 02 Apr 2013). Awarded
  • Effects of stimulus complexity and semantic processing on multiple object tracking (KCWong Foundation, 01 Jan 2011). Completed
  • From picture matching to expression-invariant face recognition (British Academy, 01 Jan 2011). Awarded
  • How do we learn new faces? (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 01 Jan 2010). Completed
  • Multiple face tracking (KCWong Foundation, 01 Jan 2008). Completed
  • Social aspects of face perception (Royal Society, 01 Jan 2007). Completed
  • Tackling unseen views and lighting conditions in face recognition (British Academy, 01 Jan 2007). Completed
  • Functional contributions of the dorsal stream to human face recognition (European Commission 6th Framework, 01 Jan 2007). Completed
  • Face learning in virtual environments (Nuffield Foundation, 01 Jan 2006). Completed
  • Learning faces (Royal Society, 01 Jan 2006). Completed
  • Culture influence on neural mechanisms of self-face recognition (Royal Society, 01 Jan 2006). Completed
  • How does the visual system acquire pose and illumination invariant face recognition? (Economic & Social Research Council, 01 Jan 2006). Completed
  • Neural mechanisms of visual cognition and memory functions (Wellcome Trust, 01 Jan 2006). Completed
  • Enhancement of VRVision–A research tool for 3D visual cognition (British Academy, 01 Jan 2005). Completed
  • Rikkyo amusement research (Japanese Ministry of Education, 01 Jan 2005). Awarded
  • Is face perception model-based or image-based? (British Academy, 01 Jan 2004). Completed
  • The role of active exploration of 3D face stimuli on encoding and retrieval of facial information (Nuffield Foundation, 01 Jan 2004). Completed
  • Face recognition in pictures with perspective transformations (British Academy, 01 Jan 2004). Completed

Qualifications

  • PhD in Cognitive Psychology (University of Toronto, 1995)

Memberships

  • Experimental Psychology Society, Member,